ABSTRACT
Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) occur in women with pre-existing primary or secondary chronic hypertension, and in women who develop new-onset hypertension in the second half of pregnancy. Preeclampsia is one of the maternal diseases that cause complications to mother and fetus both. Methods: An observational cross sectional study was done in ANMMCH, a tertiary care hospital in Gaya, Bihar. All PIH patients were included in the study period of one year. Investigative workup was done after due clinical check up. The maternal outcomes were further divided into normal outcome, Eclampsia and other complications Perinatal outcome measures that was studied include live births, fetal growth restriction (IGUR), still births, neonatal complications and deaths. Results: A total of 75 patients of PIH were selected for the study. Maximum (57.3%) were in age group of 25-35 year. 45.3% were from urban area while 22.7% were working. 60% were primigravida. 50.7% were delivered vaginaly. Most common presenting symptom was labour pain, followed by edema and headache. Most common complication was CNS symptom including seizure (Eclampsia) in 16% patients followed by vaginal bleeding in 9.3%. Other complications were pulmonary edema in 8% and HELLP syndrome in 2.2% patients. 5 patients died. Most common neonatal outcome was low birth weight. Renal failure was present in 6.7% patients Visible jaundice was present in 4% patients. Conclusion: Preeclampsia is associated with multiple maternal and neonatal complications. Early diagnosis and treatment through regular antenatal check-up is a key factor to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its complications. So, complete clinical and biochemical workup is necessary for appropriate management of PIH patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrinological disorders with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations affecting women of reproductive years. It is a common diagnosis in women presenting with infertility. All the dimensions of PCOS have not been completely explored. Many studies have tried to characterize the exact presentation of the disease. The main objective of this study was to find out the clinical and biochemical profile of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in patient population attending the tertiary care hospital in Gaya, Bihar. Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 300 PCOS patients in a span of one year. Pregnant patients, patients with symptomatic disease and those of age less than 15 years and more than 35 years were excluded. PCOS patients were diagnosed using Rotterdam’s criteria. A detailed history and examination was obtained. Transvaginal USG was undertaken to detect PCOS. Anthropometric measurements were also done. Biochemical and hormonal test were done by standard methods. Results: The mean age group of patients was 28.11± 4.9 SD with mean BMI 26.12± 5.12. Maximum (42.7%) number of patients was in the age group 26-30 years. Out of 245 fertile patients, 68.6% were nulliparous. Among them, 82.7% had primary infertility. According to duration of infertility, maximum (45.2%) were of 6-10 years duration. About 93.7% were detected to have PCOS in ultrasonography. Androgenic features like acne was present in 22.3% of the patients, acanthosis nigricans in 18% of the patients and androgenic alopecia was present in 7.7%. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 21.7% while 20.3% had hypothyroidism. Elevated total testosterone was elevated in 41.3% of the patients. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and intervention will reduce the long term health complications associated with PCOS. A complete clinical, biochemical and radiological workup is necessary for appropriate management.